At the societal level, recycling is measured in various ways depending on your geographical location. In the EU, the recycling rate has been calculated from the amount of material (i.e., waste) collected for recycling, not from the amount of material that is actually recycled.
Tana Oy’s CEO Kalle Saarimaa asks “What is recycling and how it can be measured” in his latest blog post. Check it out!